Integrative Neural Engineering
& Rehabilitation Laboratory
Publications
Click Authors for Pubmed Link
2013  (top)
Onushko TL, Hyngstrom AS, Schmit BD.
Hip proprioceptors preferentially modulate reflexes of the leg in human spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2013 Apr 24. [Epub ahead of print]
Vedantam A, Jirjis MB, Schmit BD, Ulmer JL, Wang MC, Kurpad SN.
Characterization and limitations of diffusion tensor imaging metrics in the cervical spinal cord in neurologically intact subjects.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Feb 6.
2012  (top)
Vedantam A, Jirjis MB, Schmit BD, Budde MD, Ulmer JL, Wang MC, Kurpad SN.
Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in brown-sequard syndrome.
Spinal Cord. 2012 Dec; 50(112):928-30
Jain S, Gourab K, Schindler-Ivens S, Schmit BD.
EEG during pedaling: Evidence for cortical control of locomotor tasks.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2012 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]
Wu M, Landry JM, Schmit BD, Hornby TG, Yen SC.
Robotic Resistance Treadmill Training Improves Locomotor Function in Human Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Mar 26.
Mehta JP, Verber MD, Wieser JA, Schmit BD, Schindler-Ivens SM.
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on Functional Magnetic Resonance Signal Change During Pedaling.
Motor Control. 2012 Feb 16.
Hyngstrom AS, Onushko T, Heitz RP, Rutkowski A, Hunter SK, Schmit BD.
Stroke-related changes in neuromuscular fatigue of the hip flexors and functional implications.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Jan;91(1):33-42.
Yen SC, Schmit BD, Landry JM, Roth H, Wu M.
Locomotor adaptation to resistance during treadmill training transfers to overground walking in human SCI.
Exp Brain Res. 2012 Feb;216(3):473-82. Epub 2011 Nov 23.

2011  (top)

 

Wu M, Landry JM, Yen SC, Schmit BD, Hornby TG, Rafferty M.
A novel cable-driven robotic training improves locomotor function in individuals post-stroke.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011;2011:8539-42.
Hoffmann G, Schmit BD, Kahn JH, Kamper DG.
Effect of sensory feedback from the proximal upper limb on voluntary isometric finger flexion and extension in hemiparetic stroke subjects.
J Neurophysiol. 2011 Nov;106(5):2546-56. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
Onushko T, Hyngstrom AS, Schmit BD.
Bilateral oscillatory hip movements induce windup of multijoint lower extremity spastic reflexes in chronic spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2011 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print]
Conrad MO, Scheidt RA, Schmit BD.
Effects of wrist tendon vibration on arm tracking in people post-stroke.
J Neurophysiol. 2011 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Wu M, Gordon K, Kahn JH, Schmit BD.
Prolonged electrical stimulation over hip flexors increases locomotor output in human SCI.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2011 Jul;122(7):1421-28.
Theiss RD, Hornby TG, Rymer WZ, Schmit BD.
Riluzole decreases flexion withdrawal reflex but not voluntary ankle torque in human chronic spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2011 Mar 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Conrad MO, Scheidt RA, Schmit BD.
Effects of Wrist Tendon Vibration on Targeted Upper-Arm Movements in Poststroke Hemiparesis.
Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011;25(1):61-70
Wu M, Hornby TG, Landry JM, Roth H, Schmit BD.
A cable-driven locomotor training system for restoration of gait in human SCI.
Gait Posture. 2011 Feb;33(2):256-60.
2010  (top)
Onushko T, Hyngstrom A, Schmit BD.
Effects of multijoint spastic reflexes of the legs during assisted bilateral hip oscillations in human spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Aug;91(8):1225-35.
Ellingson BM, Schmit BD, Kurpad SN.
Lesion growth and degeneration patterns measured using diffusion tensor 9.4-T magnetic resonance imaging in rat spinal cord injury.
J Neurosurg Spine. 2010 Aug;13(2):181-92.
Wu M, Schmit BD.
Reflex responses to combined hip and knee motion in human chronic spinal cord injury.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 2010;47(2):117-32.
Gordon KE, Wu M, Kahn JH, Schmit BD.
Feedback and feedforward locomotor adaptations to ankle-foot load in people with incomplete spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2010 Sep;104(3):1325-38. Epub 2010 Jun 23.
Gourab K, Schmit BD.
Changes in movement-related ß-band EEG signals in human spinal cord injury.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2010 Dec;121(12):2017-23. Epub 2010 Jun 11.
Hu YF, Gourab K, Wells C, Clewes O, Schmit BD, Sieber-Blum M.
Epidermal neural crest stem cell (EPI-NCSC)--mediated recovery of sensory function in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.
Stem Cell Rev. 2010 Jun;6(2):186-98.
Hyngstrom A, Onushko T, Chua M, Schmit BD.
Abnormal volitional hip torque phasing and hip impairments in gait post stroke.
J Neurophysiol. 2010 Mar;103(3):1557-68. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
2009  (top)
Garrison MK, Schmit BD.
Flexor reflex decreases during sympathetic stimulation in chronic human spinal cord injury.
Exp Neurol. 2009 Oct;219(2):507-15. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
Hoffmann G, Kamper DG, Kahn JH, Rymer WZ, Schmit BD.
Modulation of stretch reflexes of the finger flexors by sensory feedback from the proximal upper limb post-stroke.
J Neurophysiol. 2009 Sep;102(3):1420-9. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
Sangani SG, Starsky AJ, McGuire JR, Schmit BD.
Multijoint Reflex Responses to Constant-Velocity Volitional Movements of the Stroke Elbow.
J Neurophysiol. 2009 Sep;102(3):1398-410. Epub 2009 Jun 24.
Cotey D, Hornby TG, Gordon KE, Schmit BD.
Increases in muscle activity produced by vibration of the thigh muscles during locomotion in chronic human spinal cord injury.
Exp Brain Res. 2009 Jul;196(3):361-74. Epub 2009 May 29.
Mehta JP, Verber MD, Wieser JA, Schmit BD, Schindler-Ivens SM.
A novel technique for examining human brain activity associated with pedaling using fMRI.
J Neurosci Methods. 2009 May 15;179(2):230-9. Epub 2009 Feb 7.
Conrad MO, Schmit BD.
Strategies for arm stability in post-stroke hemiparesis - biomed 2009.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2009;45:286-91.
Ellington BM, Schmit BD, Gourab K, Sieber-Blum M, Hu YF, Schmainda KM.
Diffusion heterogeneity tensor MRI (α-Dti): mathematics and initial applications in spinal cord regeneration after trauma - biomed 2009.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2009;45:167-72.
Gordon KE, Wu M, Kahn JH, Dhaher YY, Schmit BD.
Ankle load modulates hip kinetics and EMG during human locomotion.
J Neurophysiol. 2009 Apr;101(4):2062-76. Epub 2009 Feb 4.
Gordon KE, Wu M, Kahn JH, Dhaher YY, Schmit BD.
Ankle load modulates hip kinetics and EMG during human locomotion.
J Neurophysiol. 2009 Apr;101(4):2062-76. Epub 2009 Feb 4.
Wu M, Kahn JH, Hornby TG, Schmit BD.
Rebound responses to prolonged flexor reflex stimuli in human spinal cord injury.
Exp Brain Res. 2009 Feb;193(2):225-37. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
2008  (top)
Onushko T, Schmit BD.
Coordinated muscle activity of the legs during assisted bilateral hip scillation in human spinal cord injury.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2008;44:286-91.
Ellingson BM, Kurpad SN, Schmit BD.
Functional correlates of diffusion tensor imaging in spinal cord injury.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2008;44:28-33.
Ellingson BM, Kurpad SN, Schmit BD.
Characteristics of mid- to long-latency spinal somatosensory evoked potentials following spinal trauma in the rat.
J Neurotrauma. 2008 Nov;25(11):1323-34.
Ellingson BM, Kurpad SN, Schmit BD.
Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative tractography of the rat spinal cord during long-term recovery from moderate spinal contusion.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 Nov;28(5):1068-79.
Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Kurpad SN, Schmit BD.
Diffusion tensor MR imaging in chronic spinal cord injury.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Nov;29(10):1976-82. Epub 2008 Aug 21.
Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Kurpad SN, Schmit BD.
Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging of the Neurologically Intact Human Spinal Cord.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Apr 16.
Hyngstrom AS, Johnson MD, Heckman CJ.
Summation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs by motoneurons with highly active dendrites.
J Neurophysiol. 2008 Apr;99(4):1643-52. Epub 2008 Jan 30.
Ellingson BM, Kurpad SN, Li SJ, Schmit BD.
In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the rat spinal cord at 9.4T.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 Mar;27(3):634-42.
Hyngstrom A, Johnson M, Schuster J, Heckman CJ.
Movement-related receptive fields of spinal motoneurones with active dendrites.
J Physiol. 2008 Mar 15;586(6):1581-93. Epub 2008 Jan 31.
Heckman CJ, Hyngstrom AS, Johnson MD.
Active properties of motoneurone dendrites: diffuse descending neuromodulation, focused local inhibition.
J Physiol. 2008 Mar 1;586(5):1225-31. Epub 2007 Oct 18. Review.
2007  (top)
Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Schmit BD.
Morphology and morphometry of human chronic spinal cord injury using diffusion tensor imaging and fuzzy logic.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2008 Feb;36(2):224-36. Epub 2007 Dec 8.
Garrison MK, Ng AV, Schmit BD.
Leg sympathetic response to noxious skin stimuli is similar in high and low level human spinal cord injury.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2008 Feb;119(2):466-74. Epub 2007 Dec 4.
Lewek MD, Hornby TG, Dhaher YY, Schmit BD.
Prolonged quadriceps activity following imposed hip extension: a neurophysiological mechanism for stiff-knee gait?
J Neurophysiol. 2007 Dec;98(6):3153-62. Epub 2007 Sep 26.
Kim Y, Youm Y, Wu M, Schmit BD.
Modulation of flexor reflexes by static and dynamic hip proprioceptors in chronic human spinal cord injury.
J Clin Neurosci. 2007 Nov;14(11):1078-88. Epub 2007 Aug 24.
Knikou M, Schmit BD, Chaudhuri D, Kay E, Rymer WZ.
Soleus H-reflex excitability changes in response to sinusoidal hip stretches in the injured human spinal cord.
Neurosci Lett. 2007 Aug 9;423(1):18-23. Epub 2007 Jun 29.
Onushko T, Schmit BD.
Reflex response to imposed bilateral hip oscillations in human spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2007 Oct;98(4):1849-61. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
Sangani SG, Starsky AJ, McGuire JR, Schmit BD.
Multijoint reflexes of the stroke arm: neural coupling of the elbow and shoulder.
Muscle Nerve. 2007 Nov;36(5):694-703.
Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Schmit BD.
Gray and white matter delineation in the human spinal cord using diffusion tensor imaging and fuzzy logic.
Acad Radiol. 2007 Jul;14(7):847-58.
Knikou M, Kay E, Schmit BD.
Parallel facilitatory reflex pathways from the foot and hip to flexors and extensors in the injured human spinal cord. Exp Neurol. 2007 Jul;206(1):146-58. Epub 2007 May 8.
Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Schmit BD.
Optimal diffusion tensor indices for imaging the human spinal cord.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2007;43:128-33.
2006  (top)
Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Prost RW, Schmit BD.
Morphology and morphometry in chronic spinal cord injury assessed using diffusion tensor imaging and fuzzy logic.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;1:1885-8.
Schmit BD, Cole MK.
Quantification of morphological changes in the spinal cord in chronic spinal cord injury using magnetic resonance imaging.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;6:4425-8.
Hyngstrom AS, Johnson MD, Miller JF, Heckman CJ.
Intrinsic electrical properties of spinal motoneurons vary with joint angle.
Nat Neurosci. 2007 Mar;10(3):363-9. Epub 2007 Feb 11.
Kline TL, Schmit BD, Kamper DG.
Exaggerated interlimb neural coupling following stroke.
Brain. 2007 Jan;130(Pt 1):159-69. Epub 2006 Oct 3.
Lewek MD, Schmit BD, Hornby TG, Dhaher YY.
Hip joint position modulates volitional knee extensor muscle activity after stroke.
Muscle Nerve. 2006 Dec;34(6):767-74.
Wu M, Schmit BD.
Spastic reflexes triggered by ankle load release in human spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2006 Dec;96(6):2941-50. Epub 2006 Jul 19.
Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Schmit BD.
A new technique for imaging the human spinal cord in vivo.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2006;42:255-60.
Knikou M, Chaudhuri D, Kay E, Schmit BD.
Pre- and post-alpha motoneuronal control of the soleus H-reflex during sinusoidal hip movements in human spinal cord injury.
Brain Res. 2006 Aug 4;1103(1):123-39. Epub 2006 Jun 16.
Hornby TG, Kahn JH, Wu M, Schmit BD.
Temporal facilitation of spastic stretch reflexes following human spinal cord injury.
J Physiol. 2006 Mar 15;571(Pt 3):593-604.
Kim Y, Schmit BD, Youm Y.
Stimulation parameter optimization for functional electrical stimulation assisted gait in human spinal cord injury using response surface methodology.
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006 Jun;21(5):485-94. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
Wu M, Hornby TG, Kahn JH, Schmit BD.
Flexor reflex responses triggered by imposed knee extension in chronic human spinal cord injury.
Exp Brain Res. 2006 Jan;168(4):566-76. Epub 2005 Sep 7.
2005  (top)
Starsky AJ, Sangani SG, McGuire JR, Logan B, Schmit BD.
Reliability of biomechanical spasticity measurements at the elbow of people poststroke.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Aug;86(8):1648-54.
Deutsch KM, Hornby TG, Schmit BD.
The intralimb coordination of the flexor reflex response is altered in chronic human spinal cord injury.
Neurosci Lett. 2005 Jun 3;380(3):305-10. Epub 2005 Feb 12.
Benz EN, Hornby TG, Bode RK, Scheidt RA, Schmit BD.
A physiologically based clinical measure for spastic reflexes in spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Jan;86(1):52-9.
Wu M, Hornby TG, Hilb J, Schmit BD.
Extensor spasms triggered by imposed knee extension in chronic human spinal cord injury.
Exp Brain Res. 2005 Apr;162(2):239-49. Epub 2004 Dec 7.
McDonald MF, Kevin Garrison M, Schmit BD.
Length-tension properties of ankle muscles in chronic human spinal cord injury.
J Biomech. 2005 Dec;38(12):2344-53. Epub 2004 Dec 15.
2004  (top)
Hornby TG, Tysseling-Mattiace VM, Benz EN, Schmit BD.
Contribution of muscle afferents to prolonged flexion withdrawal reflexes in human spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2004 Dec;92(6):3375-84. Epub 2004 Jul 14.
Hidler JM, Schmit BD.
Evidence for force-feedback inhibition in chronic stroke.
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2004 Jun;12(2):166-76.
Steldt RE, Schmit BD.
Modulation of coordinated muscle activity during imposed sinusoidal hip movements in human spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2004 Aug;92(2):673-85. Epub 2004 Mar 24.
Schmit BD, Gaebler-Spira D.
Mechanical measurements of the effects of intrathecal baclofen dosage adjustments in cerebral palsy: a pilot study.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jan;83(1):33-41.
2003  (top)
Schmit BD, Hornby TG, Tysseling-Mattiace VM, Benz EN.
Absence of local sign withdrawal in chronic human spinal cord injury.
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Nov;90(5):3232-41. Epub 2003 Aug 6.
Hornby TG, Rymer WZ, Benz EN, Schmit BD.
Windup of flexion reflexes in chronic human spinal cord injury: a marker for neuronal plateau potentials?
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jan;89(1):416-26.
2002  (top)
Schmit BD, Benz EN.
Extensor reflexes in human spinal cord injury: activation by hip proprioceptors.
Exp Brain Res. 2002 Aug;145(4):520-7. Epub 2002 Jun 14.
Schmit BD, Benz EN, Rymer WZ.
Reflex mechanisms for motor impairment in spinal cord injury.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;508:315-23.
Schmit BD, Benz EN, Rymer WZ.
Afferent mechanisms for the reflex response to imposed ankle movement in chronic spinal cord injury.
Exp Brain Res. 2002 Jul;145(1):40-9. Epub 2002 Apr 30.
Kelly VE, Hyngstrom AS, Rundle MM, Bastian AJ.
Interaction of levodopa and cues on voluntary reaching in Parkinson's disease.
Mov Disord. 2002 Jan;17(1):38-44.
2001  (top)
Schmit BD.
Mechanical measures of spasticity in stroke.
Top Stroke Rehabil. 2001 Spring;8(1):13-26.
Kamper DG, Schmit BD, Rymer WZ.
Effect of muscle biomechanics on the quantification of spasticity.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2001 Dec;29(12):1122-34.
Schmit BD, Rymer WZ.
Identification of static and dynamic components of reflex sensitivity in spastic elbow flexors using a muscle activation model.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2001 Apr;29(4):330-9.
2000  (top)
Reinkensmeyer DJ, Kahn LE, Averbuch M, McKenna-Cole A, Schmit BD, Rymer WZ.
Understanding and treating arm movement impairment after chronic brain injury: progress with the ARM guide.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 2000 Nov-Dec;37(6):653-62.
Schmit BD, McKenna-Cole A, Rymer WZ.
Flexor reflexes in chronic spinal cord injury triggered by imposed ankle rotation.
Muscle Nerve. 2000 May;23(5):793-803.
Schmit BD, Dewald JP, Rymer WZ.
Stretch reflex adaptation in elbow flexors during repeated passive movements in unilateral brain-injured patients.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Mar;81(3):269-78.
1999  (top)
Reinkensmeyer DJ, Schmit BD, Rymer WZ.
Mechatronic assessment of arm impairment after chronic brain injury.
Technol Health Care. 1999;7(6):431-5.
Schmit BD, Dhaher Y, Dewald JP, Rymer WZ.
Reflex torque response to movement of the spastic elbow: theoretical analyses and implications for quantification of spasticity.
Ann Biomed Eng. 1999 Nov-Dec;27(6):815-29.
Reinkensmeyer DJ, Schmit BD, Rymer WZ.
Assessment of active and passive restraint during guided reaching after chronic brain injury. Ann Biomed Eng. 1999
Nov-Dec;27(6):805-14.
Schmit BD, Kayyali H, Makovos B, Mortimer JT.
An implantable impedance pneumograph monitor for detection of diaphragm contraction and airway obstruction during diaphragm pacing.
Med Biol Eng Comput. 1999 Mar;37(2):162-8.
Schmit BD, Mortimer JT.
The effects of epimysial electrode location on phrenic nerve recruitment and the relation between tidal volume and interpulse interval.
IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1999 Jun;7(2):150-8.
1998  (top)
Schmit BD, Stellato TA, Miller ME, Mortimer JT.
Laparoscopic placement of electrodes for diaphragm pacing using stimulation to locate the phrenic nerve motor points.
IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1998 Dec;6(4):382-90.
1997  (top)
Schmit BD, Mortimer JT.
The tissue response to epimysial electrodes for diaphragm pacing in dogs.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1997 Oct;44(10):921-30.
Schmit BD, Stellato TA, Mortimer JT.
Staple penetration and staple histological response for attaching an epimysial electrode onto the abdominal surface of the diaphragm using a laparoscopic approach.
Surg Endosc. 1997 Jan;11(1):45-53.