Module 1: Rehab Foundations

Rehab Model of Consequences of Pathology (based on the World Health Organization's 1990's scheme):

disease/disorder/pathology: These target the medical problem, e.g. a sickness or ailment. (These are often classified by medical profession, and a pathology is the study of disease and disorders.)

impairment: A loss or abnormality of structure or function at the organ level. We commonly speak of "functional impairments" or "dysfunction" of a part of (or system within) the body.

disability: Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner considered normal, manifested in the performance of daily tasks; the functional consequences of impairments. Rehab engineers and other rehab practitioners often focus on enhancing abilities so as to minimize disability.

handicap: A disadvantage resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for the affected individual. The nature and severity are determined by the adaptation of the person to social and environmental surroundings, and societal adjustments to accommodate the impaired individual; handicaps often center on a lack of independence (physical, economic).

WHO's New ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability & Health):

Aims:

to provide scientific basis for consequences of health conditions

to establish a common language to improve communications

to improve comparison of data

to provide a systematic code schemes for health information systems

impairments with

body functions: physiological functions of body systems (including psychological)

body structures: anatomical parts of the body, such as organs and limbs

activity: execution of a task or action by an individual

participation: involvement in a life situation

environmental factors: physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives.

Disability Terminology
Activities of daily living (ADL); DLS (Daily Living Skills)	Basic activities of daily living. Routine activities carried out for personal hygiene and health such as eating, dressing, grooming, shaving, etc. Sometimes called DLS or daily living skills.
Deficit	Loss of ability. In the case of a stroke, a loss of neurological function.
Diagnosis	Determining the exact nature of a specific disease.
Disability	Reduced ability or lack of ability of an individual to perform an activity in daily life. A loss, absence or impairment of physical or mental fitness that can be seen or measured.
Environment	All of the things mental and physical that affect a person's life and survival.
Functional limitation	Reduced ability or lack of ability to perform an action or activity in the manner or within the range considered to be normal.
Handicap	A disadvantage resulting from an impairment or disability that limits or prevents fulfillment of a role that is normal for the affected individual.
Impairment	The loss or abnormality of physical or psychological capacities.
Independent	Able to perform all usual functions without assistance or supervision.
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)	Complex activities required for independent living, such as using a telephone, home management, cooking, use of public transportation, or financial management.
Monitoring	Repetitive checking of a patient's medical, neurological, and functional status.
Pathogenic	Causing disease or disorder.
Pathology	The interruption of, or interference with, normal bodily processes or structures by a disease process.
Rehabilitation	Restoration of the disabled person to self-sufficiency or maximal possible functional independence.
Screening	Examinations aimed at detecting medical conditions early in their course or before they become symptomatic, often with the purpose of implementing treatment that will prevent or ameliorate the problem.

Rehabilitation Classification Models

Rehab Model of Consequences of Pathology (based on the World Health Organization's 1990's scheme):

disease/disorder/pathology: These target the medical problem, e.g. a sickness or ailment. (These are often classified by medical profession, and a pathology is the study of disease and disorders.)

impairment: A loss or abnormality of structure or function at the organ level. We commonly speak of "functional impairments" or "dysfunction" of a part of (or system within) the body.

disability: Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner considered normal, manifested in the performance of daily tasks; the functional consequences of impairments. Rehab engineers and other rehab practitioners often focus on enhancing abilities so as to minimize disability.

Aims:

to provide scientific basis for consequences of health conditions

to establish a common language to improve communications

to improve comparison of data

to provide a systematic code schemes for health information systems

impairments with

body functions: physiological functions of body systems (including psychological)

body structures: anatomical parts of the body, such as organs and limbs

activity: execution of a task or action by an individual

participation: involvement in a life situation

environmental factors: physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives.

Disability Terminology

Activities of daily living (ADL); DLS (Daily Living Skills)

Deficit

Diagnosis

Disability

Environment

Functional limitation

Handicap

Impairment

Independent

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)

Monitoring

Pathogenic

Pathology

Rehabilitation

Screening