Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. If cardiopulmonary rehabilitation is included within the “telerehabilitation” umbrella, this may be the largest current application of telerehabilitation. The need is staggering, both for rehabilitation following an episode (e.g., open heart myocardial revascularization, myocardial infarction) where there are over one million new survivors per year in US, and for persons with chronic conditions (e.g., 4.9 million persons in US with congestive heart failure, 16 million with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Post-traumatic and post-surgical intervention typically includes only a few days as inpatients. Many tertiary care facilities now serve clients in need of significant cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. Most receive intervention as outpatients and/or through community/home programs, which include aggressive use of exercise rehabilitation, medication, behavior modification (e.g., diet), and management of secondary complications; evidence supporting the benefits of exercise programs for these populations continues to mount (90). These areas represent some of the primary targets for many telehomecare programs, which may include both a telesupport/teleeducation program and selected sensor-based telemonitoring (e.g., vital signs). On the high end, a transtelephonic telemonitoring product suite does exist that targets interactive exercise telerehab for cardiopulmonary patients (91).