Questions will be based on the notes you took in class, information on the class web page, your handouts, quizzes, sample problems in the textbook and handouts, and your homework problems. This is a closed-book closed-notes test. Sheets with equations, figures and tables will be provided, if needed. You should know how to interpret (in plain English) and use equations, figures and tables. Definitions should be memorized (for example "Degree of curvature," "dilemma zone"). You should also be able to draw and interpret the figures specifically mentioned below.
Bring with you a straight edge with English gradations, a good eraser and a calculator. You may need to measure dimensions off your test.
Some topics may not be covered before the test. Those topics will not be on the test.
Topics covered in the test:
PAPAKOSTAS CHAPTER 2
ROADWAY DESIGN
2.1. Introduction
Maximum technological capabilities and relation to practical design standards.
Example of practical design standards in geometric design: Know how to explain in English the requirements for stopping sight distance for crest vertical curves. Assumptions about speed, line of sight, available sight distance, stopping distance, dimensions. Be able to draw a clear sketch of the situation.
2.2. Equations of motion Position Displacement Velocity Acceleration
Example 2.1 p 16
Equations of motion under constant acceleration-know how to use.
2.2.2. Braking distance equation. Know how to use.
Example 2.3 p 21
Typical values for coefficient of forward friction: Dry, Wet, Design.
Be able to use the forward skidding friction table provided with your handouts.
Draw figure to show direction of forward friction in deceleration/acceleration
2.2.3 Curvilinear Motion
Discuss figures 2.2.6 and 2.2.7 Which way is the vehicle assumed to tend to slip when traveling at the chosen design speed? Which forces are present (be able to draw them). What could happen if the vehicle moves faster (two possible scenarios)? What would happen if the vehicle stops? Be able to draw the forces acting on a vehicle stopped on a superelevated curve.
Be able to set the dynamic equilibrium equations when a vehicle travels at the design speed on a superelevated curve (class presentation).
What is superelevation (draw a simple figure to show concept). Definition (equation).
Why do we have an upper limit on superelevation? Explain conditions under which limit is necessary.
Examples 2.5 and 2.6 pp 24-26
Typical values of coefficient of side friction.
Draw figure showing direction of side friction. Explain what figure describes.
Be able to distinguish between forward friction and side friction and correctly draw them.
2.3 Human Factors
What is perception-reaction time
Range of reaction times
AASHTO recommendation for perception/reaction time
Application of Stopping Distance as the sum of Perception/Reaction distance and Braking distance
Example 2.9 p 61
Factors affecting perception/reaction time. Be able to provide examples of expected and unexpected stimuli, stimuli with less and more information content and the relationship with driver reaction time.
Problems using equations of motion- equations will be supplied on a separate sheet-know how to use them.
Which driver percentile we design for and why. Give design example: which drivers/pedestrians are accommodated, which not?
2.3.2 Dilemma zone discussion from class.
Be able to draw figures 2.3.3., 2.3.6 and explain the situations.-any equations will be given. Be able to identify whether a dilemma zone exists or not for a given situation.
Be able to use special handout on how to determine yellow and all red intervals (table 17-1).
2.3.3. Visual acuity
What is 20/20 vision, 20/30, 20/40 vision
Factors affecting visual acuity with examples.
Cone of vision information Fig. 2.3.7 and explanations
Examples of sign colors and shapes--demonstrate with an example why a driver may be able to recognize a sign without diverting the sharp cone of vision to read the sign.
Be able to provide two examples of each: regulatory, warning, guide and temporary traffic control signs, with their colors and shapes.
Be able to solve problems based on visual acuity and/or equations of motion and/or perception-reaction time.
2.4.2 Be familiar with the functional classification of highways: what are the two major highway attributes. Be able to explain figure 2.4.1. Provide examples of high mobility, intermediate mobility and low mobility facilities.
Be able to draw a simple sketch of a typical urban and a typical rural highway network, where you identify arterials and local streets and all other pertinent information - figure 2.4.2
Rural highway cross-section design. Be able to draw elements shown in figure 2.4.3. Be able to name elements (e.g., foreslope, backslope, traveled way) if you are given a similar figure.
Know typical values for lane cross-slopes, foreslopes and backslopes, lane width, shoulder width.
Be able to draw figure 2.4.4 with an example of a depressed median.
What is a Jersey barrier? Where and why is it used? Draw an example of a highway using one.
Be able to provide typical examples of urban street cross sections figure 19-1.
2.4.4. Horizontal alignment
Tangents, curves.
Simple and transition curves. Draw examples with explanations. See figure 2.4.5
How is highway length (in stations) measured on a plan view of a highway?
Be able to draw fig 2.4.6 and name the elements shown. Equations will be provided. Know how to use them.
Definition of Degree of curve in words. Be able to draw figure 2.4.7 and explain in words.
2.4.5 Determination of design radius and design degree of curve-equations will be provided.
Example 2.15 p 51
2.4.6 Superelevation Design
Know all terminology.
Be able to draw figure 2.4.8 and explain all important points, draw cross sections at those points.
Know how to use table 2.4.2 for 2- 3-, 4- and 6-lane pavements. Know factors applied for 3-, 4- and 6-lane pavements by heart.
Know all information of Figure 2.4.9. Know all terminology, use of figure, be able to explain what figure presents. Be able to draw the figure. Be able to fill-in terms, identify lines, fill-in cross-sections at points A, B, C, D, and E.