TEST 1 REVIEW GUIDE
Last Updated on Thursday October 09, 2008 01:53 PM -0500 by Dr. A. Drakopoulos
When preparing for the test, please review homework solutions, the textbook, and class handouts. Make sure you understand the use of figures, tables, FAA Advisory Circulars and other materials that have been discussed in class. Formulas and/or figures will be provided. Bring with you a straight edge with English gradations, a protractor, a good eraser and a calculator. These should be used to draw all your drawings.
The test will be closed-book, closed-notes.
CHAPTER 1
What are small regional and commuter air carriers?
What is general aviation?
What did the airline deregulation act of 1978 attempt to do, how and what happened as a result of the act?
What is the role of the FAA and under which U.S. Department does it operate?
What is the State role in aviation and airports?
What is ICAO?
What is the NTSB and what does it do?
CHAPTER 3
What a/c parameters are important in airport design? Know typical values of such parameters.
Know the terms and be able to identify on a drawing: wing span, wheel track, main gear, nose gear, minimum turning radius.
What are typical cruise speeds for transport type (large) a/c?
What are the trends in a/c: gross weight, maximum takeoff weight, wing span, overall length.
What does a/c fuel consumption depend on?
What does legislation require from a/c operators in terms of noise (general requirements, legislation stages)
What options do a/c operators have in order to meet legislative requirements for a/c noise? Know options and approximate costs.
What are the expected future trends for areas around airports affected by excessive noise levels?
Components of a/c weight: definitions of OEW, ZFW, MSTOW, MATOW, MSLW, MALW, max structural payload.
Can an a/c land immediately if it takes off at MATOW? Why?
Under what conditions can an a/c takeoff at the MATOW (altitude, temperature, pressure)?
Where would an a/c be at its heaviest (ramp, taxiway, runway, cruising)?
Payload vs. Range figure discussion. Typical ranges examined - payload and fuel assumptions. Be able to use the figure to find out the possible takeoff weight range to travel and land at a given destination (located at a given range) and vice-versa. Be able to figure the fuel flow (pounds per mile) for a given range, etc.
Example Problem 3-1 p.101.
How is Ferry Range defined (under what assumptions is the a/c reaching this range)?
What are typical max nose gear turning angles for a/c? Is it practical to use maximum values? Why?
What percent of the a/c weight does the main gear typically carry?
Wing tip vortices: what are they, how do they affect a/c, how do they move in space.
Wing tip vortices are a function of a/c speed and size. Explain.
What are the three cases in deciding runway length requirements? (Explain in words) Explain figure 3-22. If you are given this figure with missing information, be able to fill-in distance terminology and specific heights used in parts (a) (b) and (c), and explain what each part of the figure represents.
What does the Field Length consist of?
Be familiar with Example Problem 3-2 p 115.
Be able to explain Figure 3-24. What is the stopway, what is the clearway, how are they used?
How are the limits of the Clearway defined?
How are the limits of the Stopway defined?
What is climb-limited weight?
What is obstacle-limited weight?
How do temperature, surface wind, runway gradient, altitude, runway surface condition affect the runway length required for a given design a/c?
Know how to use AC 150/5325-4B to calculate the needed runway length for different types of a/c, if you are given the flowcharts provided in your class notes and the necessary figures from the AC. Know where/how to apply the adjustments for wet runways and runway gradient.
Standard Atmosphere: know temperature and pressure conditions at sea-level, and temperature gradient. General temperature and pressure conditions within the troposphere.
What is pressure altitude?
What is geographic altitude?
If actual pressure is lower/higher than the corresponding values in the standard atmosphere, would the pressure altitude be higher/lower than the geographic altitude?
Be able to draw a picture explaining track, heading, crosswind and crab angle. For a given crosswind would crab angle increase or decrease if the a/c speed increases?
Be able to use equation 3-18 p.138 and the additional equations provided in your class notes. Be able to draw the relationship between the vectors for True Airspeed, Headwind, Crosswind and Ground Speed along the track.
CHAPTER 7 (displaced threshold problem not included)
What basic four requirements/functions should runways fulfill?
What basic requirements/functions should taxiways fulfill?
What are the basic considerations for exit taxiways (turnoffs)?
What are the most common runway configurations? (Be able to draw cases shown on figure 7-1 p 251. Know the terms used to describe these configurations. Be able to identify the types of runway configurations shown in pp. 259-264).
Be able to discuss advantages and disadvantages and compare different runway configurations.
What is the capacity of a single runway under VFR/ under IFR?
Be able to discuss the importance of parallel runway spacing. What is close, intermediate and far spacing? What are advantages and disadvantages of each?
What are dual lane runways and how are they typically configured?
Intersecting runways: operating in which direction provides greater capacity?
Open V runways: operating in which direction provides greater capacity?
Holding Bays (run-up/warm-up pads): location, uses, safety and efficient operation concerns.
Holding Aprons: use, location.
Relation of Terminal Building in relation to Runways/taxiways: what are the major considerations. Be able to optimally place a terminal building when you are given a runway system.
Wind analysis: what is the major concern in orienting runways?
What is the minimum wind coverage required by FAA? Does it apply to each individual runway or all runways collectively?
What are typical crosswind speed limits for safe a/c operations for small and large/heavy a/c?
Know how to name runways, based on their orientation.
Example Problem 7-1.
What do VMC and IMC mean? What are the limits for these?
Which agency provides meteorological data for wind analysis in the U.S.?
Know how to use the wind rose.
Be able to place the appropriate runway end identifications on a given runway system.
Be able to identify runways, taxiways, holding bays, holding aprons, aprons, runway thresholds, blast pads on an airport drawing.
Know the types and shapes of imaginary surfaces (primary surface, horizontal surface, conical surface, approach surface, transitional surface). Be able to identify them on a figure.
CHAPTER 9 (not covered in its entirety yet)
Be familiar with FAA tables and figures and their use in this chapter.
What is the FAA airport reference code based on (which a/c characteristics)?
What is the ICAO aerodrome reference code based on (which a/c characteristics)?
What environmental factors affect runway length, and how?
Discuss issues related to parallel runway system spacing: what factors are taken into account, what impacts does closer/further spacing have on safety and expenditure?
What is the purpose and location of the: runway structural pavement; shoulder; blast pad; runway safety area?
Example Problem 9-1 p.373
What is the requirement for sight distance along a runway?
What does Figure 9-8 indicate?
Example Problem 9-2 p.392
What are the FAA limits for longitudinal runway gradient and longitudinal grade change?
What is a taxiway and what is a taxilane?
What are typical runway exit configurations? What are advantages and disadvantages of each? How does runway exit geometry relate to its distance from the runway threshold?
What environmental factors affect runway exit locations and how?
What is the use of holding aprons/pads/bays? Where are they typically located? What are desirable characteristics? Be able to sketch typical examples.