Richard W. Marklin, Jr., Ph.D., CPE
Teaching, Research, and Service
Marklinprofile

Summary of Research PPT



Research Interests

Ergonomics, human factors engineering, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), hand tool and product design, workplace design, freehand sketching for engineers, engineering teaching methods


Education

Ph.D. - August, 1991, The Ohio State University

Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering (Specialty: Physical Ergonomics) Dissertation: Quantification of the association between wrist motion and incidence of cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) in industry

M.S. March, 1988, The Ohio State University

Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering (Specialty: Physical Ergonomics) Thesis: The effects of hammer handle angle on wrist motion, hammering performance, and subjective ratings.

B.F.A. With distinction, 1981, The University of Kansas

Industrial Design; integration of ergonomics into consumer products


Work Experience

2005 - Professor of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering ** Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI Department of Mechanical Engineering (Joint appointment with the Dept. of Biomedical Engineering) Responsibilities: teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in the Mechanical Engineering curriculum, ergonomics and biomedical engineering research, advising students, directing the Ergonomics Laboratory, community service.

1997 to 2005 - Associate Professor of Mechanical, Industrial and Biomedical Engineering Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI (Joint appointment in the Dept. of Biomedical Engineering)

1991 to 1997 - Assistant Professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI


Memberships

1987 to present Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)

1987 to present International Ergonomics Association (IEA)

2013 to present American Society of Engineering Educators (ASEE)


Awards and Honors to R.W. Marklin and Students

2010 - Best Presentation at the Ergonomics Committee sessions during the American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Exhibition (AIHCE), Denver, CO, May 24, 2010.

2009 - 1st Place in Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Graduate Poster Competition: Stephen Freier (R. Marklin and P. Papanek, Advisors). "Office Chair Reduces Heart Rate"

2007 - 2nd Place in Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate Poster Competition: Hector Sanchez (R. Marklin Advisor). "Biomechanical Analysis of Screwdriver Handle Designs"

2006 - Robert and Mary Gettel Faculty Award for Teaching Excellence (one of 3 awarded annually from the University). Cash award of $5000.

2006 - Outstanding Researcher Award in the College of Engineering (one awarded annually from the College). Cash award of $1000.

2004 -1st Place in Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Graduate Poster Competition: Megan Conrad (R. Marklin Advisor). "Evaluation and Design of a Motorcycle Clutch"

2004 - 3rd Place in Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Graduate Poster Competition: Lia Lazuardi (R. Marklin Advisor). "Evaluation of a Tool that Removes and Replaces a Manhole Cover"

2003 -1st Place in the College of Engineering and Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Senior Design Competition: Tony Patrick, Tom Jacobson and Enrique Bonugli (R.W. Marklin, Advisor). "Design of a Manhole Cover Remover"

2003 -Chattanooga Group, Inc. Award for best clinical article in Physical Therapy.
"Effect of Computer Keyboard Slope on Wrist Position and Forearm," by Simoneau, G.G., Marklin R.W. and Berman, J. Physical Therapy, 83(9), 816-830, 2003.

1997 - 3M Office Ergonomics Prize for Best Paper at Human Factors & Ergonomic Society’s Annual Meeting. "The Effect of Split and Vertically-Inclined Computer Keyboards on Wrist and Forearm Posture," by Marklin, R.W., Simoneau, G.G. and Monroe, J.F. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 41st Annual Meeting, Albuquerque NM, 642-646, Sept. 22-26, 1997.

1994-2001 (7 consecutive years) - Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award, Industrial Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Marquette University.


Publications

Foto 9  Read Poster

Refereed Journal Articles in Print

Moriguchi, C., Carnaz, L., Miranda Jr., L.C., Marklin, R.W., Gil Coury, H. (2012). Are posture data from simulated tasks representative of field conditions? Case study for electric utility overhead workers. Ergonomics, August, 1-13, Ifirst article. (DOI:10.1080/00140139,2012,708439).

Moriguchi, C.S., Carnaz, L., Carlos de Miranda Jr., C., Marklin, R.W., Gil Coury, H.J.C. (2012). Biomechanical analysis of loading/unloading a ladder on a truck. WORK:  A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, Vol. 41, pp. 2492-2495.

Stone, R. Marklin, P. Seeley, and G. Mezei, A collaborative effort to apply ergonomics to electric utility workers at generating stations (2011).  WORK:  A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation.  Volume 39, No. 2, Nov. 2011. pp. 103 – 111.

Saginus, K., Marklin, R., Seeley, P., and Freier, S. (2011). Optimal location of mobile computer in a vehicle cab based on physical ergonomics. Human Factors, Vol. 53, No. 5, 474-488.

Markin, R.W., Saginus, K., Seeley, P., and Freier, S. (2010). Comparison of anthropometry of US electric field workers with North American databases. Human Factors, Volume 52, No. 6, Dec. 2010, 643-662.

Harivanam, S., Marklin, R.W., Papanek, P.E., and Cariapa, V. (2010). A Shovel with a perforated blade reduces normalized energy expenditure required for digging and shoveling wet clay. Human Factors, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 492–502

Weiszczyk, S., Marklin, R.W., Sanchez, H.J. (2009). Height of industrial hand wheel valves affect torque exertion. Human Factors, 51(4), 487-496.

Seeley, P., Marklin, R., Usher, D. and Yager, J. (2008). Case Study Report: Business Case for implementing battery-powered tools for direct-bury line workers at an electric power utility. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5:D86-D91.

Bufton, M., Marklin, R.W., Nagurka, M.L., and Simoneau, G.G. (2006). Finger typing forces applied to conventional and notebook computer keyboards. Ergonomics, Vol. 49, No. 10, 996-1012.

Stone, A., Usher, D., Marklin, R., Seeley, T. and Yager, J. (2006). Case study for underground workers at an electric utility: How a research institution, university and industry collaboration improved occupational health through ergonomics. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene, 3: 397-407.

Nagurka, M.L. and Marklin, R.W. (2005). Measurement of impedance characteristics of computer keyboard keys. J. of Dynamic, Systems, and Motion Controls, Vol. 127, 283-288. .

Marklin, R.W. and Cherney, K. (2005). Working postures of dentists and dental hygienists. Journal of the California Dental Association, 33(2), 133-136.

Marklin, R.W. and Simoneau, G.G. (2004). Design features of alternative computer keyboards: A review of experimental data. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 34(10), 638-649.

Marklin, R.W., Lazuardi, L., and Wilzbacher, J. (2004). Measurement of handle forces for crimping connectors and cutting cable in the electric power industry. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 34, 497-506.

Simoneau, G.G., Marklin, R.W., and Berman, J.E. (2003). Effect of computer keyboard slope on wrist position and forearm electromyography of typists without musculoskeletal disorders. Physical Therapy, 83(9), 816-830.

Seeley, P. and Marklin, R.W. (2003). Cost justification of battery-operated tools for overhead line workers in the electric power industry. Applied Ergonomics, 34(5), 429-439.

Simoneau, G.G. and Marklin, R.W. (2001). Effect of computer keyboard slope and height on wrist extension angle. Human Factors, 43(2), 287-298.

Marklin, R.W. and Simoneau, G.G. (2001). Effect of setup configurations of split computer keyboards on wrist angle. Physical Therapy, 81(4), 1038-1048.

Marklin, R.W., Simoneau, G.G. (2000). Biomechanical analysis of wrist ulnar deviation from typing on conventional and split keyboards. Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, 883-887..

Marklin, R.W., Simoneau, G.G., and Monroe, J.F. (1999). Wrist and forearm posture from typing on split and vertically-inclined computer keyboards. Human Factors, Vol 41, No. 4, 559-569.

Simoneau, G.G., Marklin, R.W., and Monroe, J.F. (1999). Wrist and forearm posture of users of conventional computer keyboards. Human Factors, Vol. 41, No. 3, 413-424.

Marklin, R.W. and Wilzbacher, J.R. (1999). Four assessment tools of ergonomics interventions: Case study at an electric ultility’s warehouse system. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol 60, 777-784.

Marklin, R.W. and Monroe, J.F. (1998). Quantitative biomechanical analysis of wrist motion in bone-trimming jobs in the meat packing industry. Ergonomics, 41(2), 227-237.

Marras, W.S., Marklin, R.W., Greenspan, G.J., and Lehman, K.R. (1995). Quantification of wrist motions during scanning. Human Factors, 37(2), 412-423.

Schoenmarklin, R.W., Marras, W.S., and Leurgans, S. (1994). Industrial wrist motions and incidence of hand/wrist cumulative trauma disorders. Ergonomics, 37(9), 1449-1460.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1993). Dynamic capabilities of the wrist joint in industrial workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 11, 207-224.

Marras, W.S. and Schoenmarklin, R.W. (1993). Wrist motions in industry. Ergonomics, 36(4), 341-351.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1989). Effects of handle angle and work orientation on hammering; I. Wrist Motion and Hammering Performance. Human Factors, 31(4), 397-411.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1989). Effects of handle angle and work orientation on hammering; II. Muscle fatigue and subjective ratings of body discomfort. Human Factors, 31(4), 413-420.

Lavender, S.L., Mirka, G.A., Schoenmarklin, R.W., Sommerich, C.M., Sudhakar, L.R., and Marras, W.S. (1989). Effects of preview and task symmetry on trunk muscle response to sudden loading. Human Factors, 31(1), 101-115.


Book Chapters in Print

Marklin, R.W. (2006). General Knowledge Regarding Engineering Controls. Chapter 14 in Occupational Ergonomics Handbook (2nd Edition): Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics. W.S. Marras and W. Karwowski (editors). CRC Press Publishers.

Marklin, R.W. (1999). Biomechanical Aspects of CTDs. Chapter 44 in Occupational Ergonomics Handbook, W. Karwowski and W.S. Marras (editors), 795-830, CRC Press Publishers.

Marklin, R.W. and Monroe, J.F. (1994). Case Study #3 in Participatory Ergonomic Interventions in Meatpacking Plants. C. Gjessing, T.F. Schoenborn, and A. Cohen (editors). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-124.


Handbooks in Print

Seeley, P. and Marklin, R.W. (2012). EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Fleet Vehicle Design. EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1021835, 664 pages.

Seeley, P. and Marklin, R.W. (2011). EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Process and Maintenance of Fleet Utility Vehicles. EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1021836, 232 pages. . Marklin, R.W., Seeley, P., and Mezei, G. EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Ergonomic Design of Substations and Ergonomic Interventions for Overhead, Underground, and Substations Tasks. EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1021128, 490 pages.

Marklin, R.W., Yager, J. and Mezei, G. (2009). EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Ergonomic Interventions for Plant Operators and Mechanics in Fossil-Fueled Power Plants, EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1014042.

Marklin, R.W., Yager, J. and Mezei, G. (2008). EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Ergonomic Interventions for Electrical Workers in Fossil-Fueled Power Plants, EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1014042.

Marklin, R.W. and Yager, J. (2005). EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Ergonomic Interventions for Direct-Buried Cable Applications, EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1005574.

Marklin, R.W. and Yager, J. (2004). EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Ergonomic Interventions for Manhole, Vault and Conduit Applications, EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1005430.

Marklin, R.W. and Yager, J. (2001). EPRI Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Overhead Distribution Line Workers Interventions, EPRI, Palo Alto CA, 1005199.


Refereed Conference Proceedings in Print

Marklin, R., Goldberg, J., and Nagurka, M. (2013). Teaching freehand sketching to engineering students: Results from a pilot study. World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF), Sept 24-27, Cartagena, Colombia.

Marklin, R., Matthison, M., Mayer, B., Nagurka, M., and Cariapa, V. (2013). Aquaponics: A sustainable food production system that provides research projects for undergraduate engineering students. World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF), Sept 24-27, Cartagena, Colombia.

Nagurka, M., Antón Rodriguez, F., and Marklin, R. (2013). Using remote access for sharing experiences in a machine design laboratory. World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF), Sept 24-27, Cartagena, Colombia.

Marklin, R., Goldberg, J., and Nagurka, M. (2013). Freehand sketching for engineers: A pilot study. 120th American Society of Engineering Educators (ASEE) Annual Conference and Exposition. June 23-26, Atlanta, GA.

Saginus, K., and Marklin, R. (2013). The effects of mobile computer location in a vehicle cab on muscle activity and body posture of large and small drivers. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 57th Annual Meeting, Oct. 1-4, 2013, San Diego, CA.

Bain, B. and Marklin, R (2013). One external step and a horizontal handlebar on an aerial bucket reduces postural instability during ingress and egress. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 57th Annual Meeting, Oct. 1-4, San Diego, CA.

Bain, B. and Marklin, R (2012). An Inside Step in an Aerial Bucket Reduces Postural Instability During Ingress and Egress. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 56th Annual Meeting, Oct. 23-26, 2012, Boston, MA.

Moriguchi, C.S., Carnaz, L., Miranda Jr., L. C., Marklin, R.W., and Gil Coury, H.J.C. (2012). Biomechanical analysis of loading/unloading ladder on a truck. In Proceedings of the IEA Congress, Feb 12-16, Recife, Brazil.

Saginus, K., Marklin, R.W., Seeley, P., and Freier, S. (2011). Effects of mobile computer locations in a vehicle cab on biomechanical loading. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting, Sept. 20-23, 2011, Las Vegas, NV.

Saginus, K., Marklin, R., Seeley, P., and Freier, S. (2010). Comparison of anthropometry of US electric utility field workers to North American general population databases. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting, Sept. 28 to Oct 1, 2010, San Francisco, CA..

Freier, S., Seeley, P., Marklin, R., and Saginus, K. (2010). Application of electric utility workers’ anthropometry to clearance between vehicle pedals and adjacent structures. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting, Sept. 28 to Oct 1, 2010, San Francisco, CA..

Freier, S., Marklin, R.W. and Papanek, P. (2009). Effect of inverted V-shaped backrest of an office chair on ventilatory and cardiovascular efficiency. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting, Oct. 20-23, 2009, San Antonio, TX.

Saginus, K., Marklin, R.W. and Voglewede, P. (2009). Dynamic modeling of hand force to close a disconnect switch at switching stations and substations. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting, Oct. 20-23, 2009, San Antonio, TX.

Sanchez, H. and Marklin, R. (2008). Effect of a manual screwdriver with a pistol-grip handle 
on maximum torque and muscle activity. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting, Sept. 23, 2008, New York, NY.

Wieszczyk, S. and Marklin, R. (2008). Industrial hand wheel valves: Effects of height and torque direction on maximum torque and muscle activity. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting, Sept. 23, 2008, New York, NY.

Seeley, P. and Marklin, R.W. (2004). Business case models: Their short- and long-term benefits. National Advisory Committee for Ergonomics (NACE). Sponsored by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Washington DC, Jan. 27, 2004.

Simoneau, G.G., Marklin, R.W., Berman, J.E., Monroe, J.F., Garrison, M.K., Bielefeld, T.M. (2001). Wrist position and forearm musculature activation of subjects with carpal tunnel syndrome typing on computer keyboards of various slope angles. In Proceedings of the Computer-aided Ergonomics and Safety (CAES) Conference, July 29 to August 1, Maui, Hawaii.

Simoneau, G.G., Marklin, R.W., Berman, J.E., Garrison, M.K., Bielefield, T.M. (2001). Computer keyboard slope: wrist extension angle and forearm musculature activation. In Proceedings of Int. Society of Biomechanics (ISB) Congress, July 8-13, Zurich, Switzerland.

Simoneau, G.G., Marklin, R.W., Berman, J.E., Monroe, J.F., and Welsh, S.E. (2000). Computer keyboard slope and wrist extension angle on individuals with and without carpal tunnel syndrome. In Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Biomechanics Meeting, August 23-26, Montreal, Canada, p. 63.

Marklin, R.W. and Nagurka, M.L. (2000). Measurement of stiffness and damping characteristics of computer keyboard keys. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 44th Annual Meeting, July 30-Aug. 4, San Diego CA, 678-681.

Simoneau, G.G. and Marklin, R. W. (2000). Effect of computer keyboard slope and height on wrist extension angle. In Proceedings of the 3rd Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics Conference, Queensland, Australia, Jan. 31 to Feb. 1.

Simoneau, G.G. and Marklin, R.W. (1999). Relationship between computer keyboard slope and wrist extension angle. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43th Annual Meeting, Sept. 27 to Oct. 1, Chicago IL.

Nagurka, M.L. and Marklin, R.W. (1999). Measurement of impedance characteristics of computer keyboard keys. 7th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation – MED99. Sponsored by IEEE, Haifa, Israel, June 28-30.

Nagurka, M.L., Marklin, R.W., and Liu, C. (1999). Design of a test rig for measurement of stiffness and damping characteristics of computer keyboard keys. American Control Conference, Sponsored by ASME, IEEE, AIAA, AICHE, AISE, ASCE, ISA, and SCS, San Diego, CA, July 2-4.

Simoneau, G.G., Marklin, R.W., and Harrison, L. (1998). Effect of computer keyboard slope on users’ wrist extension angle. In Proceedings of the Scientific and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, June 4-7, Washington, DC.

Marklin, RW, Simoneau, GG, and Hoffman, D (1998). Effects of computer keyboard setup parameters and users’ anthropometric characteristics on wrist deviation and typing efficiency. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42th Annual Meeting, Oct. 5-9, Chicago, IL, 876-880.

Marklin, R.W. and Wilzbacher, J. (1998). Four quantitative methods of evaluating warehouse jobs in an electric public utility. In Advances in Occupational Ergonomics and Safety. Presented at the International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference, June 11-14, Ann Arbor, MI.

Marklin, R.W., Simoneau, G.G., and Monroe, J.F. (1997). The effect of split and vertically-inclined computer keyboards on wrist and forearm motion. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 41th Annual Meeting, Sept. 22-26, Albuquerque, NM, 642-646.

Simoneau, G.G. and Marklin, R.W. (1997). Effect of computer keyboard design on wrist and forearm position while typing. In Proceedings of the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB), Aug. 25-29, Tokyo, Japan.

Marklin, R.W. and Simoneau, G.G. (1996). Upper extremity posture of typists using alternative keyboards. In Proceedings of the Silicon Valley Ergonomics Conference and Exposition, sponsored by the Silicon Valley Ergonomics Institute (SVEI), May 12-15, Palo Alto, CA, 126-132.

Monroe, J.F. and Marklin, R.W. (1995). Quantitative biomechanical analysis of wrist motion in bone-trimming jobs in the red-meat packing industry. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting, Oct. 9-13, San Diego, CA, 595-599.

Kendall, C.B., Schoenmarklin, R.W., and Harris, G.F. (1994). A method for the evaluation of an ergonomic hand tool. In Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety VI (F. Aghazadeh, editor). Presented at Industrial Ergonomics and Safety conference, June 7-10, San Antonio, TX, 539-545.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1993). Wrist motions in industry: Variance between jobs and subjects. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 649-653.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1992). An EMG-assisted biomechanical model of the wrist joint. In Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety IV (S. Kumar, editor). Presented at Industrial Ergonomics and Safety conference, June 10-14 in Denver, CO, 777-781.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1991). Quantification of wrist motion and cumulative trauma disorders in industry. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society -- 35th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 838-842.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1990). A dynamic biomechanical model of the wrist joint. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society -- 34th annual meeting, Orlando, FL, 805-809.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1989). Validation of a hand/wrist electromechanical goniometer. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society -- 33rd Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 718-722.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. (1988). The effect of angled hammers on wrist motion. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society -- 32nd Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, 651-655.

Sudhakar, L.R., Schoenmarklin, R.W., Lavender, S.A., and Marras, W.S. (1988). The effects of gloves on grip strength and muscle activity. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society --32nd Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, 647-650.


Refereed Conference Proceedings (Abstracts) In Print

Marklin, R.W. (2010). Recommendations of Alternative Computer Keyboards for Industrial Hygienists. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Exposition, Denver, CO, May 24-27, 2010.

Marklin, R.W. (2010). Electric utility workers are taller and heavier than typical anthropometry databases indicate. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Exposition, Denver, CO, May 24-27, 2010.

Marklin, R.W. Freier, S., and Papanek, P. (2009). A general-purpose office chair reduces heart rate during typical office tasks. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Exposition, Toronto, CANADA, June 1, 2009.

Marklin, R.W. and Weiszczyk, S. (2009). Low rolling resistance wheels reduce force to push carts. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Exposition, Toronto, CANADA, June 1, 2009.

Marklin, R.W. (2008). A methodology to assess musculoskeletal injury risk of workers in the electric utility industry. Presentation in the Roundtable: Exposure Assessment – Tools for Ergonomic Analysis of Highly Variable Jobs. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, June 1-5, 2008.

Wiesczyck, S., Sanchez, H. and Marklin, R. (2008). Effect of valve height on musculoskeletal loading of electric utility power plant electricians. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, June 1-5, 2008.

Marklin, R., Sanchez, H., and Purvis, C. (2007). Current topics in input devices and implications for future HFES standards work: Alternative pointing devices. Presented at the 51st meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Baltimore, MD, Oct 1, 2008.

Marklin, R.W. (2006). Analysis of a shovel for digging wet clay. Forum (Field and Laboratory Analysis of Physically Demanding Variable Tasks in Construction and Utilities) presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Orlando, FL, May 17, 2006.

Seeley, P. and Marklin, R.W. (2005). Cost/benefit analyses’ role in ergonomic implementation. Presented at the Applied Ergonomics Conference, New Orleans, LA, March 21-24, 2005.

Marklin, R.W. (2004). Ergonomics for overhead and underground workers in the electric power industry. Forum presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Atlanta GA, May 10-13, 2004.

Marklin, R.W. (2003). Ergonomically designed products: which one work and which ones don't? Computer Keyboards. Forum presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Dallas TX, May 14, 2003.

Marklin, R.W. (2002). Ergonomics for overhead distribution line workers in the electric power industry. Forum coordinated by EPRI and presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, San Diego CA, June 2-6, 2002.

Marklin, R.W. and Wilzbacher, J. (2002). Evaluation of a battery-operated press for making wire connections in the electric power industry. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, San Diego CA, June 2-6, 2002.

Seeley, P. and Marklin, R.W. (2002). Implementing ergonomics interventions for physically demanding jobs in the electric power industry. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, San Diego CA, June 2-6, 2002.

Marklin, R.W. and Nagurka, M.L. (2001). Computer Keyboard Keys: Stiffness and Damping Characteristics Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, New Orleans LA, June 4-6.

Simoneau, G.G., Berman, J.E., Garrison, M.K., Welsch, S.E., and Marklin, R.W. (2001). Computer keyboard slope: wrist extension angle and forearm musculature activation. Arthritis Research Conference, March 23-25, San Diego CA.

Marklin, R.W. and Simoneau, G.G. (2000). Electromyographic activity of forearm flexor and extensor muscles from typing on negatively sloped computer keyboards. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Orlando FL, May 20-25.

Simoneau, G.G. and Marklin, R.W. (1999). Wrist extension angle and computer keyboard slope. Arthritis Research Conference, August 6-8, Washington DC.

Marklin, R.W. (1999). How do negatively-sloped keyboards affect wrist posture and typing performance? Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Toronto CANADA.

Wilzbacher, J. and Marklin, R.W. (1998). Ergonomics intervention in warehousing: Electric utility case study. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Atlanta GA.

Marklin, R.W. (1997). The effect of split and vertically-inclined alternative keyboard design on wrist and forearm posture. Presented at the Marconi 1997 Research Conference, sponsored by the Office on Ergonomics Research Committee (OERC), Marshall CA.

Marklin, R.W., Simoneau, G.G., and Monroe, J.F. (1997). Wrist and forearm posture of typists using alternative keyboards. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Dallas TX.

Marklin, R.W. and Cordova, R. (1995). Ergonomic handtools: Effect of handle shape and exertion level on musculoskeletal performance. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Kansas City MO.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. (1994). Anthropometric sizing chart for hand tools. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, Anaheim CA.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. (1993). Pinch and Grip Dynamometer. Presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, New Orleans LA.

Schoenmarklin, R.W. and Marras, W.S. (1986). Measurement of hand and wrist position by a wrist monitor. In Proceedings of the IXth International Conference on Production Research, Cincinnati OH.

Marras, W.S., Schoenmarklin, R.W., and Simon, S. (1989). Quantitative measures of hand/wrist motion. Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America (RESNA) conference, New Orleans LA.


Funded Research

Foto 2   Epri Fleet Study Cab Dim Form

A Systematic Method for Specification, Purchase and Upfitting of Fleet Vehicles in the Electric Power Industry

a) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

b) Sept. 1, 2008 to June 1, 2012

c) $898,000 USD

d) The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient method for electric utilities to specify and then purchase fleet vehicles, which range from pickup trucks to aerial bucket trucks, so workers can use the trucks productively and with minimal risk of injury. This method will also minimize total cost of original vehicles and subsequent upfitting (retrofitting).


Foto 3  Underground Press

Evaluation and Design of Substations for Electric Utilities

a) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

b) Jan. 1, 2008 to March 31, 2009

c) $54,000 USD

d) The purpose of this study is to evaluate substations to determine how physical injuries and accidents can be prevented.


Foto 12 Swench  Wrench Fossil

Ergonomics Process for Workers in Fossil Electric Power Plants

a) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

b) June 15, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2008

c) $468,254 USD

d) The purpose of this study is to build upon the success of the 2 previous EPRI studies for overhead and underground workers, which resulted in 3 published handbooks, and tailor an ergonomics process for electric power workers who work in fossil power plants (coal, oil or gas-powered). Two ergonomics teams will be setup at We Energies for electricians and power plant operators. The culmination of this project will be 2 ergonomics handbooks for electricians and power electricians and plant operators that will show how typical tasks can be changed to minimize the incidence and severity of work-related musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses. As with the past 2 projects, We Energies generously agreed to be the host utility for this project.


Foto 4 Herman Miller Chair Photo

Metabolic Study of Office Workers using an Office Chair

a) Herman Miller, Inc. (Office Furniture Manufacturer)

b) Jan. 1, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2008

c) $76,886 USD

d) The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardiac and ventilatory load, as measured by heart rate (cardiac) and tidal volume and respiratory rate (ventilatory), of office workers who use a new office chair.
Note: Dr. Paula Papanek was the P.I. on this project.


Survey of Best Practices - Grounding a De-energized Overhead Line with a Ground

a) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Clamp Stick

b) Jan. 1, 2008 to June 1, 2008

c) $12,963 USD

d) The purpose of this study is to determine the best work practice to do this task to reduce risk of injury.


Fundedresearch2

Development of an Ergonomics Process for Underground Line Workers in the Electric Power Industry

a) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

b) April 1, 2002 to March 31, 2005

c) $351,554 USD

d) The purpose of this study is to build upon the success of the EPRI study for overhead distribution line workers and tailor an ergonomics process for electric power workers who work underground. There are two types of underground electrical work – manhole and vault and direct-buried cable. Two ergonomics teams were setup at We Energies (formerly Wisconsin Electric-Wisconsin Gas). The culmination of this project was 2 ergonomics handbooks for underground workers that showed how typical underground tasks can be changed to minimize the incidence and severity of work-related musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses. One handbook was devoted to manhole, vault and conduit applications, and the other handbook focused on direct buried cable applications. We Energies generously agreed to be the host utility for this project, and they provided hourly and management personnel and financial resources for the 2 ergonomics teams.


Foto 10  Motorcycle Clutch

Evaluation and Design of a Motorcycle Clutch

a) Harley-Davidson

b) July 1, 2003 to August 31, 2004

c) $83,000 USD

d) The purpose of the project is to assess muscle fatigue from motorcycle drivers operating a clutch on a motorcycle during riding in traffic and to recommend design changes to reduce muscle fatigue.


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Alternative Computer Keyboards for People with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

a) The Arthritis Foundation

b) Jan 1,1999 to Dec. 31, 2002

c) $235,000 USD

d) The purpose of this study is to build upon the successes of NIOSH project on alternative keyboards, which ended Oct 31, 1996, and continue the work on developing an optimal alternative computer keyboard for persons who are diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. .

e) Note: Guy G. Simoneau, Ph.D., PT was the P.I.


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Field Study of Negatively Sloped Keyboards in Offices

a) Office Ergonomics Research Committee (A consortium of major computer and office furniture manufacturers, including IBM, Microsoft, Compaq, Steelcase, Herman Miller and others)

b) January 15, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2002

c) $13,500 USD

d) This study is a followup to a previous OERC study to determine wrist posture of office workers while they type on negatively sloped keyboards in the workplace. The investigators will measure wrist position from workers who have, on their own, selected to type on positively sloped, neutral, and negatively sloped keyboards. Regression equations relating slope of keyboard and wrist position will be developed.

e) Co-investigator: Guy G. Simoneau,Ph.D., PT


Foto 19 Grounding

Development of an Ergonomics Process for Overhead Distribution Line Workers in the Electric Power Industry

a) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

b) July 1, 1999 to Dec. 31, 2001

c) $170,000 USD

d) The purpose of this study was to build upon the past success of the warehouse study for Wisconsin Electric Power Co. and tailor an ergonomics process for overhead distribution line workers, who are utility workers who build and maintain power lines. One of the outcomes of this project was an ergonomics handbook for line workers that showed how typical line workers’ tasks can be changed to minimize the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses. The title of the handbook was Ergonomics Handbook for the Electric Power Industry: Overhead Distribution Line Workers Interventions. Wisconsin Electric-Wisconsin Gas (WE-WG) generously served as the host utility for this project and provided hourly and management staff for the ergonomics team.


Foto 14 Key Damping Fixture

Stiffness and Damping Characteristics of Computer Keys

a) Office Ergonomics Research Committee (A consortium of major computer and office furniture manufacturers)

b) January 15, 1998 to June 1, 2000

c) $29,250 USD

d) The purpose of this project is to characterize the amount of force it takes to activate keys on a computer keyboard as a function of how quickly the key is pressed (velocity). In addition, the static force-displacement characteristics of the key will be investigated.

e) Co-investigator: Mark L. Nagurka, Ph.D., PE


Foto 8 Marklin   Keyboard Photo

The Effects of Sloped Computer Keyboards on Upper Extremity Kinematics and Muscle Fatigue

a) Office Ergonomics Research Committee (OERC) (A consortium of major computer and office furniture manufacturers)

b) January 15, 1998 to June 1, 2000

c) $25,000 USD

d) The purpose of this project is to determine how a sloped conventional keyboard, in particularly a keyboard sloping downward, affects the position and dynamics of the wrist and forearm. In addition, the EMG activity of the forearm muscles will be recorded to estimate the muscle activity and fatigue during typing sessions.
e) Co-investigator: Guy G. Simoneau, Ph.D., PT


Foto 16 Supply Chain

Development of an Ergonomics Process for Supply Chain of Wisconsin Electric Power Co.

a) Wisconsin Electric Power Co.

b) September 1, 1996 to August 31, 1998

c) $79,664 USD

d) The purpose of this research grant is to develop and evaluate an ergonomics program and process for the Pewaukee Stores warehouse, which is the main distribution warehouse for all of Wisconsin Electric Corp. Among several candidates, Marquette University was selected to develop and evaluate, over a two year period, an ergonomics program for the Pewaukee Stores warehouse. A unique feature of the Marquette University approach is to use the infrastructure of the existing computerized inventory system at Pewaukee Stores to allocate the type, height, and weight of parts that hourly workers would handle in one shift in order to minimize musculoskeletal loads.


Foto 6  Lopper Photo

Evaluation and Design of Loppers and Hedge Shears

a) Fiskars Inc. (Wallace Division), Sauk City, WI

b) September 1, 1997 to Aug 31, 1998

c) $40,000 USD

d) The purpose of this project was to evaluate biomechanically existing and new designs of loppers and hedge shears that Fiskars manufactures in their Sauk City, WI plant. Testing involved recordings of electromyographic (EMG) activity from the major trunk and upper extremity muscles while subjects are cutting branches with loppers and hedge shears. In addition, strain gage technology recorded forces on cutting edge and handles in order to compute the transfer function between input (muscle force) and output (cutting force).


Foto 5  Keyboard B&W Marklin And Others

An Ergonomic Study of Alternative Keyboard Designs (grant #1 R03 OH03184-01)

a) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

b) September 30, 1994 to October 31, 1996

c) $72,713 USD

d) The purpose of this research grant is to determine whether commercially-available alternative keyboard designs, such as split keyboards, have a beneficial effect on the motion patterns of the upper extremities. The finger, wrist, and forearm motion were measured from experienced secretaries typing on three alternative keyboards along with a conventional, flat keyboard. This study found that alternative keyboards actually placed the wrists and forearms in a more natural posture.


Foto 17 Pinch And Grip Innovation Research Award (SBIR): Phase I: Pinch and Power Grip Gyrometer

a) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Small Business
(Participating Small Business: Orbital Technology Corp., Madison, WI)

b) January 1, 1996 to June 30, 1996

c) $20,997 for Marquette U.; $70,000 total budget

d) Dr. Marklin and his staff at the Industrial Ergonomics Laboratory at Marquette University teamed up with Orbital Technology Corp. (ORBITEC) to research, develop, and design a device that will evaluate quantitatively the range of motion of coupled movements of the wrist and forearm and the maximum grip and pinch strength of astronauts. In Phase I, Orbitec and Marquette U. defined system requirements, designed and built a mechanical prototype, and tested and evaluated the prototype. Orbitec and Dr. Marklin submitted a proposal to NASA in June 1996 for Phase II funding, which has a duration of two years and an overall budget of $600,000, to market and commercialize this device to occupational and physical therapists.


Foto 1   Brewer Chair

Ergonomics for the Dental Office

a) The Brewer Company, Menomenee Falls, WI

b) September 15, 1994 to July 15, 1995

c) $24,785 USD

d) The purpose of this project was to provide ergonomics and engineering expertise to The Brewer Co. in their design and development of products for the dental office. Currently, The Brewer Co. manufacturers stools and patients' chairs for the dental office. However, The Brewer Co. wanted to enhance their product line with ergonomic features. In this project, Marquette University designed and developed a new ergonomic stool for the dentist and hygienist.


Foto 7  Marklin   235L Lab

Incorporating Ergonomics Theory and Practice into Industrial Engineering Undergraduate Education

a) National Science Foundation (NSF): Instrumentation and Laboratory Improvement

b) August 15, 1992 to December 31, 1994

c) $25,082 awarded by NSF for electromyographic (EMG) instrumentation $25,083 funded by Marquette University for EMG instrumentation

d) In this project, EMG instrumentation was purchased to enhance the teaching of ergonomics and biomedical engineering principles and applications to undergraduate students in the Industrial Engineering Program at Marquette University. The EMG equipment is currently being used to measure internal muscle force.


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Development of Participatory Ergonomic Teams at Peck Foods

a) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

b) January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993

c) $40,000 USD

d)The purpose of this project was to assess the effectiveness of participatory ergonomic teams in a red meat-packing plant. Teams were evaluated based on, in part, how well they reduced biomechanical risk factors of CTDs. The biomechanical risk factors were wrist motion (position, velocity, and acceleration).